In nature, numerous species of tiny coral-associated invertebrates make their homes on corals and the reef rocks and are referred to collectively as “opportunistic dwellers”. The most common groups of these opportunistic dwellers include crustaceans, helminths (worms), echinoderms, nudibranchs, and snails.
In most cases, the dweller benefits from the host without damaging it, and in others (such as Trapeziidae crabs in Acropora) both host and dweller benefit from the relationship. There are however, some dwellers that cause damage to their coral host by feeding on it. In their natural habitat, these opportunistic dwellers are relatively few in number due to the scarcity of nutrients as well as having natural predators.
When corals are transferred from one environment to another, these opportunistic dwellers remain with their coral hosts, becoming incidental hitchhikers.
Suspecting your coral has a Hitchhiker? see the Hitchhikers identification guide
There are no viable methods for removing specific opportunistic dwellers from an established reef aquarium.
While not all of the incidental hitchhikers are necessarily bad for an artificial reef, some of them quickly become unwelcome guests and therefore it is highly recommended to go with a “better safe than sorry” policy and try to prevent them from getting in. If, however they are already in the system, affected corals and rocks will need to be removed and dealt with one at a time.
Carefully inspecting corals should be part of the regular husbandry routine for a reef aquarium so that any signs of soft tissue damage or discoloration can be identified and investigated as soon as possible. Early detection of the presence of hitchhikers is the most effective way of preventing an uncontrolled outbreak that can potentially harm the entire reef.
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